Friday, February 20, 2015

21 FEBRUARY: TSIKU LOKUMBUKIRA ZIYANKHULO ZATHU PADZIKO LONSE

Alick Kadango Bwanali Zomba

Chiyankhulo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zimapereka chizindikiro kwa anthu ngati mtundu. Mtundu uliwonse umadziwika ndi chiyankhulo kapena ziyankhulo zawo powonjezera pa zinthu zina monga zizolowezi ndi makhalidwe. Chiyankhulo ndi njira imodzi imene timaonetseranso zikhalidwe zathu. Motero kuti popanda chiyankhulo ndikovuta kuti mtundu wa anthu udziwike bwinobwino. Padziko lonse lapansi pali ziyankhulo pafupifupi 7,106 malinga ndi kafukufuku wa bungwe la Ethnologue. Ku Africa kuno tili ndi ziyankhulo zambiri ndipo sichachilendo kuti dera limodzi likhale ndi ziyankhulo zingapo. Uku ndi kudala kwakukulu kwa Africa ndipo tiyenera kukhala onyadira kuti tili ndi ziyankhulo zankhaninkhani. Ku Malawi kokha kuno tili ndi ziyankhulo pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi (16). Koma kungokhala ndi ziyankhulo zochuluka sikokwanira. Funso ndi lakuti kodi ziyankhulozi zikugwira ntchito yanji pa chitukuko cha moyo wanu, dera lanu komanso dziko lathu lino.

Ziyankhulo zosiyanasiyana zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m’dziko. Zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m’sukulu, zina m’maofesi, zina m’mabwalo a milandu ndi malo ena ambiri. Koma kodi udindo wosankha chiyankhulo/ziyankhulo zimene tizigwiritsa ntchito m’magawo osiyanasiyana ndi wa yani? Kodi malamulo oyendetsera dziko amanena chiyani pa za ufulu wa ziyankhulo? Malamulo a dziko lino mu Gawo IV ndime 26 amamena kuti “munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito chiyankhulo chimene akufuna….” Kodi ufulu umenewu anthu wamba timaudziwa? Ngati timaudziwa, timaugwiritsa ntchito? Ngati sitiugwiritsa ntchito, ndi chifukwa chiyani? Kodi chiyankhulo chathu chikutengapo gawo lanji pa moyo wathu, pa chitukuko cha dera lathu komanso dziko lathu? Kodi tikukhutira ndi momwe ziyankhulo zathu zikugwirira ntchito?

21 February ndi tsiku lokumbukira ziyankhulo zamakolo padziko lonse lapansi. Cholinga cha tsikuli ndi chakuti anthu komanso mayiko azitha kuzindikira ndi kulingalira bwino za ubwino kapena phindu lokhala ndi zikhalidwe komanso ziyankhulo zosiyanasiyana. Dziko la Malawi monganso mayiko ambiri mu Africa muno komanso padziko lonse, lili ndi anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana amene ali ndi zikhalidwe komanso ziyankhulo zosiyanasiyana. Ichi ndi chinthu chabwino chomwe tiyenera kuchinyandira kwambiri. Koma timaona kuti pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana maboma ena monga boma la Malawi amangosankha chiyankhulo chimodzi kapena zingapo kuti ndizo zizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'sukulu kapena pantchito zina zaboma. Kawirikawiri china mwa ziyankhulozi chimakhala chakunja monga Chingelezi. Zoterezi zimachititsa kuti ziyankhulo zathu zina zimene sizinasankhidwe zizioneka ngati zopanda ntchito ndipo anthu amene amaziyankhula salabadiridwa n’komwe. Choncho, kumakhala kovuta kwa anthu oyankhula ziyankhulozi kuti azitha kuchita nawo zinthu zothandiza kukweza miyoyo yawo kapena dziko lawo monga pa maphunziro chifukwa alibe njira yoperekera maganizo awo. Kugwiritsa ntchito chiyankhulo chakunja sikolakwika koma monga malamulo akunenera, ziyankhulo zathu zizipatsidwanso danga lokwanira.

Kodi tsiku la 21 February linakhazikitsidwa bwanji? M'chaka cha 1952 m'dziko lomwe lero lili Bangladesh koma panthawiyo linali gawo la dziko la Pakstani ophunzira a m'sukulu zosiyanasiyana makamakama mayunivesite anachita zionetsero zofuna kuwumiriza boma kuti lilole kuti chiyankhulo cha Bengali chipatsidwe mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'sukulu. Panthawiyo n’kuti boma litagamula kuti chiyankhulo cha Urdu ndicho chikhale chiyankhulo cha fuko. Izi zinakwiyitsa anthu ambiri amene ankayankhula chiyankhulo cha Bengali. Pazionetsero zokwiya ndi maganizowa ophunzira angapo a ku yunivesite ya Dhaka anaphedwa pamene anali kulimbana ndi apolisi pabwalo la milandu la mu mzinda wa Dhaka. Kuphedwa kwa ophunzirawa kukungotsimikizira za kufunika kolemekeza ziyankhulo zathu ndipo kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu woonetsatsa kuti chiyankhulo chake sichikuponderezedwa ngakhale chitakhala kuti anthu amene amachiyankhula ndi ochepa mwa mtundu wanji.

Pozindikira za kufunika kwa ziyankhulo zathu, m'chaka cha 1999 bungwe la UNESCO linakhazikitsa tsiku la 21 February kuti likhale lokumbukira ziyankhulo zamakolo padziko lonse. Powonjezera apo, m'chaka cha 2009 bungwe la mgwirizano wa mayiko onse la United Nations linapempha mayiko kuti ayesetse kulimbikitsa ndi kuteteza ziyankhulo zonse zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Bungweli linachita izi pofuna kugwirizana ndi zija anachita ophunzira a ku Bangladesh m'chaka cha 1952. Choncho, chaka ndi chaka mayiko komanso mabungwe okhudzidwa ndi maphunziro komanso chikhalidwe amakonza zochitikachitika pofuna kulimbikitsa ziyankhulo zathu. Zina mwa zochitikazi zimakhala zionetsero zosonyeza zikhalidwe komanso ziyankhulo zosiyanasiyana zimene zikupezeka m'mayiko kapena m'madera a dziko lonse lapansi.

Tsikuli likuyenera kutikumbutsa ife Amalawi za ziyankhulo zathu ndikuti tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu pothandiza kuti ziyankhulozi zisafe komanso kuti tizizigwiritsa ntchito m'sukulu komanso m'ntchito zina zambiri. Udindo wowonetsetsa kuti ziyankhulo zathu zikupatsidwa danga pa chitukuko cha dziko lino uli m'manja mwa eni ake chiyankhulo. Ngati sitichitapo kanthu ziyankhulo zathu zidzafa ndipo chikhalidwe chathu chidzafanso. Tisalole kuti ziyankhulo zathu ziponderezedwe ayi. Tikayamba ife kunyadira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chiyankhulo chathu ena adzazindikira kufunika kwa chiyankhulocho ndikuchitenga ngati chiyankhulo china chilichonse. Tikumbukire kuti palibe chiyankhulo choposa chinzake.

Dziko la South Africa linakhazikitsa ziyankhulo khumi ndi chimodzi (11) ngati ziyankhulo za fuko ndi cholinga chofuna kulimbikitsa umodzi pakati pa nzika za dzikoli. M’chaka cha 2013, yunivesite ya KwaZulu-Natal ku South Africa konko inalamula kuti kuyambira chaka cha 2014 ophunzira ONSE a m’chaka choyamba pa yunivesiteyi aziphunzira chiyankhulo cha isiZulu ndi cholinga chofuna kumanga mtundu komano kutukula ziyankhulo zonse zam’dzikoli. Kodi zimenezi zingachitike ku Malawi kuno? Ophunzira a ku yunivesite angalole kuphunzira Cisena kapena Kyangonde? Mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ali ndi ziyankhulo zawozawo zimene amagwiritsa ntchito m’sukulu, m’mafakitale ndi ntchito zina zosiyanasiyana. Angelezi ali ndi chawo Chingelezi, Afalansa ali ndi chawo Chifalansa, Majelemani ali ndi chawo Chijelemani, ku Netherlands kuli Chidatchi, ku Japan ali ndi chawonso. Ku Malawi kuno tinasankha Chingelezi cha Angelezi ndi Chichewa pang’ono kuti ndizo tizigwiritsa ntchito pa ntchito zaboma. 21 February izitikumbutsa kuti Ciyawo, Citumbuka, Ellomwe, Cisena, Citonga, Kyangonde Cindali, Cisukwa, Cilambya, Cimambwe, Cinyakyusa, Cinyiha, Chichewa, Cingoni, Cinamwanga, Cisenga ndi ziyankhulo zina zonse zimene zikupezeka m'dziko muno nazo ndi zofunikira ndipo tsiku lina ngati eni akefe titachitapo kanthu zingathe kudzaphunzitsidwa m'sukulu zathu. Udindo ndi wathu, Amalawi. Ndi Ufulu wathunso.

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